Trombe wall
Popular, timeless, simple and fairly inexpensive. It might sound a brief characteristic of the passive tempering rooms the energy of the Sun using a trombe wall.
Trombe wall is a simple design with the ability to accumulate heat to the perimeter walls of the building. Can also serve as a solar air heater and ventilation in one. Essential for the correct operation of the orientation of the cardinal directions. It is necessary to install a wall to the south, or south-east, south-west.
The first application of Trombe walls, the wall was painted black and the air gap between a simple glass pitched in front of this wall. Masonry with black painted walls through the day accumulated thermal energy from the Sun. At night, heat wall transmits the accumulated heat to the heated room. Glass with an air gap has a task to limit the thermal radiation of the wall to the outdoor space. From the material the wall is so the storage element.
The development has not stopped and in other versions innovators attempt to improve and also a little more to manage the distribution of heat.
Therefore, gradually arise version with the bottom drawing air from the room into the space between the glass and wall and the upper discharge the heated air back into the room.
Also arise version of drawing air from the room and the discharge to the outside environment, which serves as the ventilation of the room.
The regulatory element is becoming hand operated flap. In the next stage of development embarking electrically controlled flaps and / or forced air circulation by using fans.
Trombe walls are among the passive solar systems, when there is no need for any additional energy to pump and store thermal energy.
A big challenge is the composition of the wall, which is to serve as a heat accumulator. During the additional installation of the wall on the already-built house with the composition of the walls of a lot we can do about it. In the plans for the new building, it is customary accumulation ability of the wall to increase the appropriate heat accumulation masonry, stucco and plaster.
The accumulation ability of selected building materials (according to the BP-Martin Marek)
| Stavební materiál | Akumulační schopnost (kWh/m3.K) |
|---|---|
beton | 0,62 |
plné pálené cihly | 0,42 |
nepálené cihly | 0,3 |
Dutinkové cihly | 0,15 |
Another limitation is glass that is used together with an air gap as a thermal insulator. Or its main purpose is to prevent the escape of heat from the walls of the house into the surroundings. At the same time, the glass must not hinder the impact of the beam on the black-covered wall.
Trombe wall can not simply turn off and thanks to the orientation towards the south may in the summer months solidly overheat.
In the summer the Sun rises high above the horizon. This is a good use for the shading of the walls of a sufficiently large overhang above the wall (roof, additional shed, the edge of the cars...).
The wall will be in the greatest heat in the shade of the overhang. At the same time, in the winter, when the Sun is low above the horizon, does not prevent the overhang in the impact of the sun's rays on the surface of the wall.
Another solution is in the summer covering the glass surface. Probably the best ability to shading have the shutters, which is of course the additional investment. Or, when you use the wall for ventilation cold air intake from the room at the same time cools down the wall.
Occasionally we meet with a description of the trombe walls in the so-called air solar collectors. The current inspired just Morse's original invention.
The principle of the walls are Morse and Trombe similar to that Morse's wall is in the air gap of a black painted metal profile, which is the Sun warms the. A stream of air removes heat from a metal profile and blows in a heated room.
There is a lack of masonry, which at the Trombe wall serves as a heat accumulator. Logically, Morse's wall does not have the ability to accumulate heat for a longer period of time. Therefore also heats only when the Sun is shining, in the night you too warm.
The historical context reveal that at the end of the nineteenth century was Morse's wall intended primarily for timber construction. The wood was often the main building material. And that's where today it finds its best use.
Benefits
- relatively inexpensive
- easy to manufacture
- almost lasts forever (may cause harm to the flaps, alternatively, forced ventilation, result in shattering of the glass
Risks
- The relatively low efficiency of heating
- Restrictions only on the installation of a sunlit walls – orientation to the south, or south-east, south-west
- Must be provided with a suitable wall (without the windows and doors, protrusions masonry...), or to solve a more complex breakdown of the walls of the house.
- Deposition of dust in inaccessible parts and complex troubleshooting, if the cleaning doesn't during the construction of the
- Risk of damage to the glass walls. After all, it is a great area, comparable with the wall of the greenhouse, so pay attention to the departing rhinestones from lawn mowers.
Conclusion
Back to a Trombe wall. It's about timeless technology and with further development of the accumulation of the materials of the walls, improving the properties of glass to prevent heat and don't hold the sun's rays. Also UV nedegradujícím seal the windows and finally the composition of black colors we will be able to track increasing the efficiency of the Trombe wall.